Which component is crucial for improving the stability of a race car during high-speed cornering?

The rear wing is essential for improving a race car's stability during high-speed cornering because it generates downforce, which presses the car down onto the track. This increased downforce enhances grip by maximizing the tire's contact with the surface, allowing the car to maintain its trajectory through bends at higher speeds. A well-designed rear wing can significantly influence the aerodynamic balance of the car, contributing to stability and control during cornering maneuvers.

In contrast, while engine placement can impact weight distribution and handling characteristics, it does not directly enhance cornering stability in the way that aerodynamic components like the rear wing do. Wheels and tires are vital for overall performance, but their effectiveness is amplified by the downforce created by the wings. Brakes are critical for slowing and stopping the car effectively, but they do not inherently stabilize it during high-speed turns. Thus, the rear wing stands out as the component specifically designed to enhance stability through aerodynamic forces during high-speed cornering.