Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect a race car’s performance on a raceway?

The factor that does not directly affect a race car's performance on a raceway is the color of the car. While the appearance of a car and its color may have some influence on sponsorship, fan engagement, and aesthetics, it has no mechanical impact or influence on driving dynamics, engine performance, or aerodynamics.

In contrast, driver skill, circuit layout, and vehicle weight distribution are all critical factors that significantly affect a race car's performance. Driver skill determines how well the car is controlled under varying conditions and how effectively the driver can make decisions on the track. The circuit layout influences aspects such as acceleration, braking, and cornering, which are crucial for optimal lap times. Vehicle weight distribution impacts handling and stability, affecting how a car reacts to steering inputs and how well it maintains traction in different conditions. Therefore, while color may play a role in branding, it is the other factors that are fundamental to actual performance on the track.